The Michigan High School Athletic Association voted Thursday to permit name, image, and likeness deals for student-athletes across 1,400 member schools, making Michigan the 31st state to authorize prep-level NIL activity. The framework takes effect for the 2025-26 school year and covers approximately 700,000 participants across 28 sports.
The approved structure prohibits schools from facilitating deals directly, bans booster involvement in recruiting, and requires athletes to disclose contracts exceeding $1,000 per year to their athletic directors within 10 days of signing. Team apparel sponsors retain exclusivity during competition—athletes cannot wear conflicting logos in uniform or on school property during sanctioned events. Third-party platforms like Opendorse and INFLCR, which reported $18 million in high school NIL deal volume nationally in 2024, can now operate in Michigan without triggering eligibility reviews.
The move addresses a two-year lobbying effort by parents and club coaches who argued Michigan athletes were forfeiting sponsorship income their counterparts in Ohio, Texas, and California were already capturing. A 2024 survey by the National Federation of State High School Associations found that 67% of athletic directors in NIL-permitting states reported no measurable increase in transfer activity or recruiting violations, a finding the MHSAA cited in its approval memo. The transfer issue was not resolved Thursday—Michigan's 90-day residency rule for varsity eligibility remains intact, leaving a scenario where an athlete can sign a deal but not compete if they change schools mid-cycle.
The compliance gap matters most in Detroit, Grand Rapids, and Ann Arbor, where club basketball programs with apparel sponsor relationships already operate as de facto prep pipelines. A 2023 Detroit Free Press investigation identified 12 basketball players who changed schools within the same district over two seasons, ostensibly for academic reasons, while maintaining AAU rosters funded by Nike and Adidas subsidiaries. The MHSAA's disclosure threshold of $1,000 excludes most shoe and equipment deals, which are typically structured as in-kind contributions valued below $800. Athletic directors will see the five-figure sponsorships; they will not see the gear.
The framework also creates a new risk surface for corporate sponsors. A northern Michigan hockey player with 40,000 TikTok followers signed to a local dealership could theoretically compete against a player sponsored by a rival dealership in the same playoff bracket. The MHSAA's competitive-balance language is silent on roster-level sponsor conflicts, leaving schools to interpret "institutional neutrality" on their own. One athletic director at a Class A football program told local media his school will require athletes to submit a list of all sponsors, paid and unpaid, before the first game—a private registry the MHSAA does not mandate.
Meanwhile, the Michigan Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association is drafting a model contract template for schools to share with parents, covering tax liability, content approval, and termination language. The group estimates 15% of high school athletes in revenue sports will sign at least one deal in the first year, based on adoption rates in Florida and Texas. No central reporting mechanism exists yet, so actual deal volume will remain opaque unless platforms volunteer data.
The MHSAA will revisit the transfer rule at its December 2025 meeting. Three board members abstained Thursday, citing concerns that NIL without transfer reform invites the appearance of impropriety even when none exists. The vote was 19-3-3.